A "Week of Peace" in Violence-torn Apartadó -
September 1995

by Father Bill McBride

"If you donÕt go, you don't know", missionary priest Bill Donnelly had said, stressing the importance of going on human rights delegations. I went to Apartadó, with Cecilia Zarate-Laun on a Colombia Support Network delegation last September. We were invited by Dane CountyÕs sister community to help celebrate the "Week of Peace" in Colombia. This week had been called for by many groups and individuals, led by the Jesuit Programa Por La Paz.

During our visit, we witnessed scenes of hilarity and horror, violence and love, despair and hope, side by side with shocking regularity. "It's like a Fellini film," Cecilia commented one day. Finding coherent threads and a consistent point of view to describe our trip seems impossible -- but I'll try.

One day, observing a circus truck provided by the Colombian military and strategically placed in front of Apartadó city hall as a sign of civic stability, Cecilia suggested a title of our trip could be "Circus of the Generals". [The Colombian military continues to be steeped in the Cold War; the circus is classical 'civic action' that goes hand in hand with counter- insurgency.]

A thread I'd like to explore is the ingenious experimentation in making peace with justice possible in Colombia today -- which might be called "Campus of the Geniuses". The trip was like a walk through a university for peace in which human rights is a central focus of its mission. For the sake of unity and memory, I have categorized my stories into an acronym for PEACE: Politics, Economy, Amnesty, Culture and Education.

The political experiments for peace in Apartadó during the visit might creatively be described by a symbolic "body politic". The eyes of Apartadó's leaders, Mayor Gloria Cuartas and Bishop Isaias Duarte, symbolize the political vision for peace. I remember the eyes of Gloria on her visit to Madison (4/95) as she discussed a sister school program between Apartadó and Dane County. Those eyes of hope met us in Apartadó and helped focus our gaze on "drops of hope in a sea of impunity". When we arrived at the cathedral, the eyes of Bishop Duarte met ours and he voiced the vision, "Let me be very clear. We begin all our efforts with a belief in the dignity of each human person." His eyes widened as he described this visionÕs dividend in the words of St. Iraneus, "The glory of God is a human being fully alive." Gloria and Bishop Duarte using their eyes to communicate with each other while working out plans with the Dutch Ambassador for economic assistance is one of my best memories of the week.

The shoulders of this body might be those of the group called "Sueños de Las Mujers" (Dreams of the Women). We met this group of women at City Hall and listened to their stories of co-op enterprises, self- esteem workshops and non-violence strategy sessions. Their shoulders raised up while sharing well-pondered dreams. When Cecilia suggested a letter exchange with women in the U.S., Las Mujeres responded with urgent efficiency and the next day a pack of letters was ready to be delivered. The hands might be those of Maria, a woman who served us at our residence in Apartadó. I'll never forget seeing Maria washing feet and hearing Cecilia observed. ÒThey're killing people like this." The hearts and voices of this body politic experimenting for peace might be symbolized by the scene of the whole town serenading Bishop Duarte just before he left to become the Archbishop of Cali.

Cold War Remnants

Political experiments for peace can be sabotaged by remnants of a class system and Cold War, which label anyone working with the poor as subversive. Our conversation with Army General Alvarez was filled with Cold War rhetoric and a display of letters (from Amnesty and others) concerned with human rights violations, which the general categorized as from "communists all over the world".

A different perspective was shared by Jesuit priest Javier Giraldo: "Colombia is a genocidal democracy". His upcoming book, published by Common Courage Press, analyses this. Economic experiments for peace with justice threaten status quo arrangements. We met with Francisco de Roux who spoke in Madison last April. His ideas for a "inclusive" economy and symbolic public place for discourse were being put into action -- he is beginning a project to get oil companies to trust the people of the regions, rather than mercenaries, with protection of the pipelines located in their backyards.

Political Prisoners<>P>
Visiting former Apartadó Mayors Jose Antonio Lopez Bula and Nelson Campo in Modelo Prison helped me learn about an important experiment in Amnesty. Jose Antonio Ôs major question to us was, "How are the people in Apartadó?"

While the U.S. mass media eyes Colombian Prisons, wondering how to keep drug lords in, the question of CSN is how can we get political prisoners out. A few important ways are to study the strategy of defense in a case like Jose Antonio's. It is essential to send letters and faxes, to show the Colombian legal system that these prisoners must be given due process, not "faceless justice".

Grassroots Solutions to Violence

In traveling to Colombia, I witnessed a culture much broader than the drug culture portrayed by the media. One experiment in culture (with implications for here) is occurring with the leadership of Father Hector Fabio Henao in Medellin. Several years ago in trying to understand gangs and gang violence, Hector Fabio asked himself, ÒWhat can I do to get to know the gangs?Ó He took a soccer ball and started to play in the heart of gang territory. Eventually, he earned the trust of many leaders and discovered that the end of gang violence meant more than just saying Òno to violenceÓ. ÒThey think what they are doing is right, Ò said Fabio. He found the gangs needed jobs to reach self-esteem and vocational goals in a non-violent manner.

Experiments in cultural grass roots solutions to violence take more time than top-down ones, and in the long run, provide the most reliable results. The people-to-people approach of CSN aided my understanding of cultural experiments for peace.

Finally, educational experiments for peace during our visit are symbolized for me by two contrasting teaching props. The first is a stethoscope used by Dr. Roger Fisher (Harvard professor and mediator) during a week-long seminar sponsored by the Governor of Antioquia in Apartadó. Fisher held aloft a stethoscope and reminded us of the need for instruments to help us get a better understanding of the patientÕs disease. The instrument for diagnosing the ills of the human rights violations and oppressive violence in Apartadó was FisherÕs own multi-step process designed to reach the "best alternative" in a conflict. One problem, though, was that the key military officials in the region were absent from the class.

Colombia as a Guacamaya

The other teaching prop in the "Semana de Paz" was a Guacamaya, or Amazon parrot, which appeared on posters all over Colombia. It represented a symbolic way of teaching the ways of peace. A loose translation of a text accompanying the image of Guacamaya is: Happy and multi-colored Like our Colombia people The guacamaya expresses What it means To be in diversity To grow in liberty And to receive the word As a condition with respect To our living together. During my short visit, I learned that Colombia is a wonderly diverse nation with great people. Unfortunately, the level of social injustice is extreme, which is the reason CSN focuses on exposure and opposition to the human rights violations and developing international solidarity with the people of that great but sad land.

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